Energy tools estimate calories from ACSM running VO2 and body mass, then scale that burn across a distance or race. Per-kilometre and per-mile pages lock the distance headline on the same engine.
Fueling tools turn race duration into carbohydrate grams per hour using ISSN/ACSM-style bands, then into gel counts and even fuel timelines. Caffeine timing reports a published milligram-per-kilogram range and a pre-race window.
Every page on this category is an estimate, not medical advice, and not a personalised nutrition plan. Heat, gut tolerance, and product labels are not in the math. Citations live on the methodology page.