What this result means
Trail versus road pace here is honest about uncertainty: you supply how much slower the trail is. The calculator multiplies. It does not invent technicality, roots, or mud from a map.
Use hill pace and Minetti tools when the main cost is grade. Use this page when surface and technicality are the story and you already have a rule of thumb.
5:00/km × 1.08 → 5:24/km. 5:00/km × 1.15 → 5:45/km.
A factor of 1.00 leaves pace unchanged. Factors below 1.00 would mean faster than road — unusual, but allowed if you type them.
Calculation method
Trail pace = road pace × factor. Factor greater than 1 means slower. Exact multiplication; the factor is your estimate.
No elevation model on this page unless you choose a factor that embeds one.
There is no universal trail factor. Smooth fire roads and technical singletrack are not the same. Label the result an estimate.
Frequently asked questions
What factor should I use?
Start from your own road-versus-trail history if you have it. Common planning fudge factors sit around 5–15% slower, but that is not science from this site.
Does this include hills?
Only if you bake hills into the factor. For explicit grade, use hill pace, the hills board, or elevation-adjusted finish.
Is this the same as grade-adjusted pace?
No. GAP uses Minetti on a grade percent. This page multiplies by a factor you enter.
Can I go the other way — trail to road?
Divide by the same factor mentally, or enter the trail pace as road pace with a factor below 1 if you want the tool to do it.