Treadmill tools start from the console: belt speed in km/h or mph, session time, and deck incline. Belt pace is the inverse of that speed. Distance is speed times time. Session charts answer how long a kilometre takes and how far you go in 20, 30, 45, or 60 minutes.
Incline uses the same Minetti 2002 energy-cost model as grade-adjusted pace. The classic 1% treadmill grade is a published outdoor-matching note from Jones and Doust (1996), not a second formula. Interval pages use work speed and work duration the way treadmill programs are set.
Cadence, stride length, and steps are one identity: speed equals cadence times stride. There is no universal 180 spm target. Height-based stride guesses are not invented here. Road pace converters and outdoor GAP stay in Pace and Performance.